A Three-Level Distributed Architecture for the Real-Time Monitoring of Modern Power Systems

To monitor network operation in real-time, power system operators have developed wide-area monitoring systems (WAMS). However, the centralized communication and information processing architecture of WAMS cannot be extended easily to distribution networks. In this aspect, a three-level distributed is proposed paper, concerning dynamic analysis transmission, primary secondary networks by exploiting measurements ambient data transient responses. architecture, are responsible for their own grid but also can share an overview performance facilitate operational coordination. Different online offline applications supported within including small-signal, frequency stability as well equivalencing real-time inertia estimation. Measurement-based algorithms models each case. Finally, has been tested using combined transmission model.